Asian Development Bank
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For ADB members in Asia and the Pacific, stronger tax systems are now more important than ever-to boost revenues enabling recovery from the economic shocks of COVID-19, and to reinforce implementation of Sustainable Development Goals. Using comparative data up to the fiscal year 2020 and drawing from the International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA 2021), this sixth edition in our series analyzes the administrative setups and performance...
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Despite significant economic growth in Asia in recent decades, millions of people in rural Asia still lack access to electricity. A project has been implemented to develop small hybrid renewable energy systems in these areas. This publication highlights the experiences of these pilot projects in five developing member countries. It provides technical guidance and recommendations for the deployment of similar systems in minigrids in remote rural locations...
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This report examines the opportunities for developing equitable and efficient means to manage water resources in the Dudh Koshi river system in Nepal. The report suggests economically and environmentally sustainable management considering challenges that involve climate change. The study proposes a strategic planning framework that covers the holistic, technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects of integrated water resources management...
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This report provides an assessment of Viet Nam's secondary education sector, including technical and vocational education training programs. The report reviews sector achievements and challenges as well as the Government of Viet Nam's strategy and policies. It also outlines how the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners have contributed to the sector. The report provides recommendations on measures to boost access to secondary...
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This report summarizes insights on transparency and integrity in sustainable finance markets shared by regulators and business leaders at a series of webinars co-hosted by the Asian Development Bank and State Street Global Advisors in November 2021. It provides an overview of policy and market practice to enhance transparency and integrity in sustainable finance and to foster the market's development. The report covers three topics: (i) efforts to...
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This publication explores how Viet Nam can improve the safety of its fruit and vegetables, including through production and postharvest handling, value chain development, and a stronger food safety management system. It notes that building confidence in safe fruit and vegetables would encourage consumers to eat more of them, boosting people's health and producers' livelihoods. The publication draws on the results of safety tests, a stakeholder survey,...
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This report identifies and examines six key technologies that are transforming fundamental financial market infrastructure: (i) distributed ledger technology and blockchain, (ii) artificial intelligence, (iii) big data analytics, (iv) cloud computing, (v) enhanced cybersecurity technologies, and (vi) (open) application programming interface. It ascertains the most current status of technology adoption by Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum...
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This report from the Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum (CSIF) provides an update on progress toward the establishment of a regional settlement intermediary (RSI) to support investment and more integrated bond markets among ASEAN+3 economies. The proposed RSI is to be based on bilateral links between national central securities depositories and central banks' real-time gross settlement systems. This model can realize cross-border delivery...
9) Good Practice Note on Addressing Sexual Exploitation, Abuse, and Harassment in ADB-Financed Projects
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Designed to identify and tackle sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH) in ADB-financed projects, this Good Practice Note sets out recommendations to prevent, mitigate, and manage this risk to create safe and inclusive workplaces. Focusing on new sovereign projects with civil works in developing member countries, it defines SEAH, highlights who is most vulnerable, and explains why addressing the issue is essential to creating prosperous...
10) Gender-Inclusive Legislative Framework and Laws to Strengthen Women's Resilience to Climate Chang
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Globally, women are disproportionately impacted by climate change and disasters due to gender inequalities and limited opportunities to participate in decision-making processes. To help address this imbalance, this publication provides guidance on how to integrate gender equality in laws and policies on climate change and disaster management in developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank. It provides a conceptual framework and good practice...
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Indonesia's micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial drivers of economic growth, and this joint publication with Gojek looks at the potential of digital sales to strengthen their resilience. It shares findings from a study of MSME merchants using Gojek's GoFood platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that Gojek played an important role in the continued operation of MSMEs that otherwise would have been cut off from customers....
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This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in Viet Nam. It assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed, particularly in logistics and agro-processing. These two industries are important for the country's employment, economic growth, and international competitiveness and are also highly relevant for 4IR technologies. The report is part of series developed from an Asian...
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This publication reviews recent developments in East Asian local currency bond markets along with the outlook, risks, and policy options. It covers the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; and the Republic of Korea.
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This guide provides comprehensive information on Mongolia's local currency bond market. Since 2002, the Asian Development Bank has been working closely with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea-collectively known as ASEAN+3-under the Asian Bond Markets Initiative to develop resilient regional financial systems. Mongolia became an official observer of the ASEAN+3 Bond...
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) development policies in Asia and the Pacific. This second volume examines how Asia's MSMEs survived over a year into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and discusses post-pandemic policy actions for MSME development. This study is based on the findings from MSME surveys during...
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National legal and policy frameworks underpin international climate action because they are the backbone of domestic responses to the climate emergency. Unless they support global objectives, local climate action stalls. Concerned by sluggish national responses to climate change or injured by its impacts, citizens are filing lawsuits, making courts central to national climate governance. To adjudicate these lawsuits, courts require current information...
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The Asian Development Bank conducted a Philippine enterprise survey during April and May 2020 to gauge the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the business community. This report provides a rich set of initial facts and ideas for the government to develop evidence-based policymaking to support the revival of Philippine enterprises hurt by the pandemic. It also provides survey-based information for current and future analytical use....
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Maldives has no proven fossil fuel reserves, but it has abundant renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and ocean (tidal, wave, and ocean thermal), and has the potential to produce green hydrogen fuel using renewable energy. The coronavirus pandemic has impaired Maldives' economy, severely affecting its tourism industry, which is one the country's main economic drivers. The country's recovery will largely depend on the rapid transformation...
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This publication explores how Bhutan could boost its exports by addressing nontariff barriers to trade. It focuses on sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade, and on export products that have the potential to increase their market share in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It considers options including legal reforms, the upgrade of quality standards and laboratory equipment, and institution building of...
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This publication presents a detailed overview of the current state of the public—private partnership (PPP) environment in the Philippines. In over three decades, the country developed a robust public—private partnership (PPP) enabling framework through the Build-Operate-Transfer Law of 2012 and the PPP Center. Among developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines has a relatively mature market that has witnessed 116...